Sharding-JDBC的简单使用

1、创建一个springboot项目

2、导入如下依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.shardingsphere</groupId>
    <artifactId>sharding-jdbc-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
    <version>4.1.1</version>
</dependency>

2、sharding-jdbc实现水平分表

1、创建sharding_sphere数据库

2、在数据库中创建两张表，orders_1和orders_2

3、分片规则：如果订单编号是偶数添加到orders_1,如果是奇数添加到orders_2

4、创建实体类

@Data
public class Orders {
    private Integer id;
    private Integer orderType;
    private Integer customerId;
    private Double amount;
}

5、创建mapper类

@Mapper
public interface OrdersMapper {

    @Insert("insert into orders(id,order_type,customer_id,amount) values(#{id},#{orderType},#{customerId},#{amount})")
    public void insert(Orders orders);

    @Select("select * from orders where id = #{id}")
    @Results({
            @Result(property = "id",column = "id"),
            @Result(property = "orderType",column = "order_type"),
            @Result(property = "customerId",column = "customer_id"),
            @Result(property = "amount",column = "amount")
    })
    public Orders selectOne(Integer id);
}

6、创建配置文件

#整合mybatis
mybatis.type-aliases-package=com.ityml.mapper

#配置数据源的名称
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.names=ds1


#配置数据源的具体内容，
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds1.type=com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds1.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds1.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/sharding_sphere?serverTimezone=UTC
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds1.username=root
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds1.password=123456

#指定orders表的分布情况，配置表在哪个数据库中，表名称是什么
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.orders.actual-data-nodes=ds1.orders_$->{1..2}
#指定orders表里主键id生成策略
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.orders.key-generator.column=id
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.orders.key-generator.type=SNOWFLAKE

#指定分片策略。根据id的奇偶性来判断插入到哪个表
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.orders.table-strategy.inline.sharding-column=id
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.orders.table-strategy.inline.algorithm-expression=orders_${id%2+1}

#打开sql输出日志
spring.shardingsphere.props.sql.show=true

7、创建测试类

@SpringBootTest
class ShardingsphereDemoApplicationTests {

    @Autowired
    private OrdersMapper ordersMapper;
    @Test
    public void addOrders(){
        for (int i = 1; i <=10 ; i++) {
            Orders orders = new Orders();
            orders.setId(i);
            orders.setCustomerId(i);
            orders.setOrderType(i);
            orders.setAmount(1000.0*i);
            ordersMapper.insert(orders);
        }
    }
    @Test
    public void queryOrders(){
        Orders orders = ordersMapper.selectOne(1);
        System.out.println(orders);
    }
}

3、sharding-jdbc实现水平分库

1、在不同的数据节点node01,node02上创建不同名称的数据库：sharding_sphere_1,sharding_sphere_2

2、在两个数据库上创建相同的表orders_1,orders_2

3、分片规则，按照customer_id的奇偶性来进行分库，然后按照id的奇偶性进行分表

4、修改配置文件

# 配置不同的数据源
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.names=ds1,ds2

#配置ds1数据源的基本信息
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds1.type=com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds1.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds1.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/sharding_sphere_1?serverTimezone=UTC
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds1.username=root
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds1.password=123456

#配置ds2数据源的基本信息
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds2.type=com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds2.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds2.url=jdbc:mysql://192.168.123.111:3306/sharding_sphere_2?serverTimezone=UTC
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds2.username=root
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds2.password=123456

#指定数据库的分布情况
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.orders.actual-data-nodes=ds$->{1..2}.orders_$->{1..2}

#指定orders表的主键生成策略
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.orders.key-generator.column=id
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.orders.key-generator.type=SNOWFLAKE

#指定表分片策略，根据id的奇偶性来添加到不同的表中
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.orders.table-strategy.inline.sharding-column=id
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.orders.table-strategy.inline.algorithm-expression=orders_$->{id%2+1}

#指定库分片策略，根据customer_id的奇偶性来添加到不同的库中
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.orders.database-strategy.inline.sharding-column=customer_id
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.orders.database-strategy.inline.algorithm-expression=ds$->{customer_id%2+1}

#打开sql输出日志
spring.shardingsphere.props.sql.show=true

5、修改mapper类

@Mapper
public interface OrdersMapper {

    @Insert("insert into orders(id,order_type,customer_id,amount) values(#{id},#{orderType},#{customerId},#{amount})")
    public void insert(Orders orders);

    @Select("select * from orders where id = #{id}")
    @Results({
            @Result(property = "id",column = "id"),
            @Result(property = "orderType",column = "order_type"),
            @Result(property = "customerId",column = "customer_id"),
            @Result(property = "amount",column = "amount")
    })
    public Orders selectOne(Integer id);

    @Select("select * from orders where id = #{id} and customer_id=#{customerId}")
    @Results({
            @Result(property = "id",column = "id"),
            @Result(property = "orderType",column = "order_type"),
            @Result(property = "customerId",column = "customer_id"),
            @Result(property = "amount",column = "amount")
    })
    public Orders selectOneDB(Orders orders);

}

6、编写测试类

@SpringBootTest
class ShardingsphereDemoApplicationTests {

    @Autowired
    private OrdersMapper ordersMapper;
    @Test
    public void addOrdersDB(){
        for (int i = 1; i <=10 ; i++) {
            Orders orders = new Orders();
            orders.setId(i);
            orders.setCustomerId(new Random().nextInt(10));
            orders.setOrderType(i);
            orders.setAmount(1000.0*i);
            ordersMapper.insert(orders);
        }
    }
    @Test
    public void queryOrdersDB(){
        Orders orders = new Orders();
        orders.setCustomerId(7);
        orders.setId(7);
        Orders o = ordersMapper.selectOneDB(orders);
        System.out.println(o);
    }
}

4、sharding-jdbc实现垂直分库

1、在不同的数据节点node01,node02创建相同的库sharding_sphere

2、在node01上创建orders表，在node02上创建customer表

3、分片规则：将不同的表插入到不同的库中

4、编写customer类

@Data
public class Customer {

    private Integer id;
    private String name;
}

5、编写customerMapper类

@Mapper
public interface CustomerMapper {
    @Insert("insert into customer(id,name) values(#{id},#{name})")
    public void insertCustomer(Customer customer);
}

6、修改配置文件

#配置数据源
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.names=ds1,ds2
#配置第一个数据源
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds1.type=com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds1.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds1.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/sharding_sphere?serverTimezone=UTC
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds1.username=root
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds1.password=123456

#配置第二个数据源
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds2.type=com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds2.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds2.url=jdbc:mysql://192.168.123.111:3306/sharding_sphere?serverTimezone=UTC
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds2.username=root
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds2.password=123456

#配置orders表所在的数据节点
#spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.order.actual-data-nodes=ds1.orders

#配置customer表所在的数据节点
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.customer.actual-data-nodes=ds2.customer
#customer表的主键生成策略
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.customer.key-generator.column=id
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.customer.key-generator.type=SNOWFLAKE
#指定分片的策略
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.customer.table-strategy.inline.sharding-column=id
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.customer.table-strategy.inline.algorithm-expression=customer

#显示sql
spring.shardingsphere.props.sql.show=true

7、编写测试类

@SpringBootTest
class ShardingsphereDemoApplicationTests {

    @Autowired
    private CustomerMapper customerMapper;
  
    @Test
    public void insertCustomer(){
        for (int i = 1; i <= 10 ; i++) {
            Customer customer = new Customer();
            customer.setId(i);
            customer.setName("zs"+i);
            customerMapper.insertCustomer(customer);
        }
    }
}

5、sharding-jdbc公共表

在shardingsphere中有一种概念叫做公共表，也就是需要在各个库中都存在的表，方便做某些关联查询。

1、在不同节点的库上创建相同的表

2、分片规则：公共表表示所有的库都具备相同的表

3、创建实体类

@Data
public class DictOrderType {

    private Integer id;
    private String orderType;
}

4、创建DictOrderTypeMapper文件

@Mapper
public interface DictOrderTypeMapper {

    @Insert("insert into dict_order_type(id,order_type) values(#{id},#{orderType})")
    public void insertDictOrderType(DictOrderType dictOrderType);

    @Delete("delete from dict_order_type where id = #{id}")
    public void DeleteDictOrderType(Integer id);
}

5、修改配置文件

#配置数据源
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.names=ds1,ds2
#配置第一个数据源
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds1.type=com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds1.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds1.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/sharding_sphere?serverTimezone=UTC
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds1.username=root
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds1.password=123456

#配置第二个数据源
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds2.type=com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds2.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds2.url=jdbc:mysql://192.168.123.111:3306/sharding_sphere?serverTimezone=UTC
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds2.username=root
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds2.password=123456

#配置公共表
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.broadcast-tables=dict_order_type
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.dict_order_type.key-generator.column=id
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.dict_order_type.key-generator.type=SNOWFLAKE

6、编写测试类

@SpringBootTest
class ShardingsphereDemoApplicationTests {

    @Autowired
    private DictOrderTypeMapper dictOrderTypeMapper;

    @Test
    public void insertDictOrderType(){
        for (int i = 1; i <= 10 ; i++) {
            DictOrderType dictOrderType = new DictOrderType();
            dictOrderType.setOrderType("orderType"+i);
            dictOrderTypeMapper.insertDictOrderType(dictOrderType);
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void deleteDictOrderType(){
        dictOrderTypeMapper.DeleteDictOrderType(1);
    }
}

6、sharding-jdbc实现读写分离

读写分离的概念大家应该已经很熟练了，此处不在赘述，下面我们通过sharding-jdbc来实现读写分离，其实大家应该已经发现了，所有的操作都是配置问题，下面我们来讲一下具体的配置。

1、我们规定ds1为写库，ds2为读库

2、创建person类

@Data
public class Person {

    private Long id;
    private String name;
}

3、创建personMapper类

@Mapper
public interface PersonMapper {

    @Insert("insert into person(id,name) values(#{id},#{name})")
    public void insertPerson(Person person);

    @Select("select * from person where id = #{id}")
    public Person queryPerson(Long id);
}

4、修改配置文件

#配置数据源
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.names=ds1,ds2
#配置第一个数据源
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds1.type=com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds1.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds1.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/shardingsphere?serverTimezone=UTC
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds1.username=root
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds1.password=123456

#配置第二个数据源
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds2.type=com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds2.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds2.url=jdbc:mysql://192.168.123.111:3306/shardingsphere?serverTimezone=UTC
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds2.username=root
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds2.password=123456

#主库从库逻辑定义
spring.shardingsphere.masterslave.name=ms
spring.shardingsphere.masterslave.master-data-source-name=ds1
spring.shardingsphere.masterslave.slave-data-source-names=ds2

#显示执行的sql
spring.shardingsphere.props.sql.show=true

5、编写测试类

@SpringBootTest
class ShardingsphereDemoApplicationTests {

    @Autowired
    private PersonMapper personMapper;

    @Test
    public void insertPerson(){
        Person person = new Person();
        person.setId(1l);
        person.setName("zhangsan");
        personMapper.insertPerson(person);
    }

    @Test
    public void queryPerson(){
        Person person = personMapper.queryPerson(1l);
        System.out.println(person);
    }
}